In 2011, UNESCO designated April 30 as International Jazz Day, an initiative led by celebrated American pianist Herbie Hancock, appointed a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador. The day was first celebrated in 2012 at UNESCO's headquarters in Paris and has since grown into a global celebration, with a different city hosting the main concert each year. The day celebrates jazz as an art form born from the struggle and resilience of African American communities, which evolved into a universal musical language built on improvisation, creative freedom, and cross-cultural dialogue. UNESCO regards jazz as embodying values of democracy, tolerance, and respect for human rights and dignity, since it rests on mutual listening and collaboration between musicians from diverse backgrounds. Major cities around the world mark the day with free concerts in public squares, educational workshops for young musicians, and events bringing together international jazz stars for a grand closing concert broadcast live to millions of viewers.